izindaba

Muva nje, uMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi kanye neminye iminyango emithathu ngokuhlanganyela ikhiphe “Imibono Eqondisayo Ekuthuthukiseni Ukuthuthukiswa Kwekhwalithi Ephezulu Yemboni Yensimbi Neyensimbi”."Imibono" ibeka phambili ukuthi ngo-2025, imboni yensimbi nensimbi izoba nephethini yentuthuko yezinga eliphezulu enesakhiwo esiphusile, ukuhlinzekwa kwezinsiza ezinzile, ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe kanye nemishini, uhlobo oluvelele lwekhwalithi, izinga eliphezulu lobuhlakani, ukuncintisana okuqinile emhlabeni jikelele. , okuluhlaza, okunekhabhoni ephansi kanye nentuthuko eqhubekayo..

“Uhlelo Lweminyaka Eyi-14 Lweminyaka Emihlanu” yisikhathi esibucayi sokuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi ephezulu yemboni yempahla eluhlaza.Ngo-2021, ukusebenza jikelele kwemboni yensimbi kuzoba kuhle, futhi izinzuzo zizofinyelela izinga elihle kakhulu emlandweni, ukubeka isisekelo esihle sokuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi ephezulu yemboni.Ngo-2022, lapho ibhekene nobunzima nezinselele, imboni yensimbi kufanele igcizelele ekwenzeni inqubekelaphambili ngenkathi igcina ukuzinza, futhi isheshise ijubane lokuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi ephezulu ngokuhambisana neziqondiso ze "Imibono".

Sheshisa ikhwalithi nokusebenza kahle kokuthuthukiswa

Ngo-2021, ngenxa yesidingo esinamandla semakethe, imboni yensimbi nensimbi iyachuma.Inzuzo yokusebenza eqoqiwe yamabhizinisi abalulekile amakhulu naphakathi nendawo kanye nensimbi ngo-2021 ingama-trillion angu-6.93 yuan, okuwukunyuka konyaka ngama-32.7%;isamba senzuzo eqoqwe ngama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-352,4, okuwukukhula konyaka ngo-59.7%;inzuzo yokuthengisa Izinga lifinyelele ku-5.08%, nokukhuphuka ngamaphesenti angama-0.85 ukusuka ngo-2020.

Mayelana nokuthambekela kokufunwa kwensimbi ngo-2022, i-China Iron and Steel Association ibikezela ukuthi inani eliphelele lentengo yensimbi kulindeleke ukuthi lifane nalelo ngo-2021. Imiphumela yesibikezelo ye-Metallurgical Industry Planning and Research Institute ibonisa ukuthi isidingo sensimbi sezwe lami izokwehla kancane ngo-2022. Ngokwezimboni, isidingo sensimbi ezimbonini ezifana nemishini, izimoto, ukwakha umkhumbi, izinto zikagesi zasendlini, izitimela, amabhayisikili, nezithuthuthu zigcine inkambiso yokukhula, kodwa isidingo sensimbi ezimbonini ezifana nezokwakha, amandla, iziqukathi, nemikhiqizo yehadiwe inqabile.

Nakuba izibikezelo ezingenhla zihlukile, kuqinisekile ukuthi, lapho kubhekene nesimo esisha esigabeni esisha sentuthuko yezinga eliphezulu, isidingo semikhiqizo emikhulu yempahla eluhlaza njengensimbi, i-electrolytic aluminium, nosimende ezweni lami kancane kancane ufinyelele noma usondele enkathini yesikhulumi esiphezulu, futhi isidingo somfutho omkhulu Wokunweba obuningi sivame ukuba buthaka.Ngaphansi kwesimo sokuthi ingcindezi yomthamo owedlulele isephezulu, imboni yensimbi neyensimbi kufanele iqhubeke ikhuthaze uguquko lwesakhiwo sohlangothi lokunikezela, ihlanganise futhi ithuthukise imiphumela yokunciphisa umthamo oweqile, ilwele ukugcina ukulingana phakathi kokuhlinzekwa kwemakethe kanye nesidingo, futhi isheshise. ukuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi nokusebenza kahle.

“Imibono” yasho ngokucacile ukuthi ukulawulwa komthamo okuphelele kufanele kulandelwe.Thuthukisa izinqubomgomo zokulawula umthamo wokukhiqiza, ujulise ukuguqulwa kokwabiwa kwezinto, usebenzise ngokuqinile ukushintshwa kwamandla okukhiqiza, uvimbele ngokuqinile umthamo omusha wokukhiqiza insimbi, usekele ophakeme futhi uqede osezingeni eliphansi, ukhuthaze ukuhlangana kwezifunda nobunikazi obuhlukahlukene kanye nokuhlelwa kabusha, futhi ukwandise ukugxilwa kwezimboni. .

Ngokusho kokuthunyelwa kwe-China Iron and Steel Association, kulo nyaka, imboni yensimbi nensimbi kufanele ithathe izinyathelo eziphumelelayo zokukhuthaza ukusebenza okuzinzile kwemboni yonke ngokuhambisana nezidingo "zokusimamisa ukukhiqizwa, ukuqinisekisa ukuhlinzekwa, ukulawula izindleko, ukuvimbela izingozi. , ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi, kanye nezinzuzo zokuzinzisa”.

Funa inqubekelaphambili ngokuzinza, futhi uzinze ngenqubekelaphambili.U-Li Xinchuang, uNobhala weKomidi leQembu kanye noNjiniyela Omkhulu we-Metallurgical Industry Planning and Research Institute, uhlaziye ukuthi ukukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi ephezulu yemboni yensimbi, ukuthuthukisa amakhono amasha kuwumsebenzi oyinhloko, futhi ukuthuthukiswa kwesakhiwo sezimboni kuwumsebenzi oyinhloko. .

Ukugxila kwesidingo sensimbi sezwe lami kancane kancane kuye kwasuka kokuthi “ikhona” kuya kokuthi “yinhle noma cha”.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kusekhona amathani angaba ngu-70 2 million wezinto zensimbi "ezifushane" ezidinga ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, okudinga ukuthi imboni yensimbi igxile ekunikezeni izinto ezintsha futhi ithuthukise ngokuqhubekayo izinga lokuhlinzekwa.“Imibono” ibheka “ukuthuthukiswa okukhulu kwekhono lokusungula izinto ezintsha” njengomgomo wokuqala wentuthuko yekhwalithi ephezulu, futhi idinga umfutho wotshalomali we-R&D wemboni ukuze ulwele ukufinyelela ku-1.5%.Ngasikhathi sinye, kuyadingeka ukwenza ngcono izinga lobuhlakani futhi kufinyelelwe izinhloso ezintathu "yezinga lokulawula izinombolo zezinqubo ezibalulekile lifinyelela cishe ku-80%, izinga ledijithali lemishini yokukhiqiza lifinyelela ku-55%, kanye nokusungulwa kwezingaphezu kuka-30. izimboni ezihlakaniphile”.

Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuthuthukiswa nokulungiswa kwesakhiwo semboni yensimbi, "Imibono" ibeka phambili imigomo yentuthuko nemisebenzi evela ezicini ezine: ukugxilisa ingqondo yezimboni, ukwakheka kwenqubo, ukwakheka kwezimboni, kanye nephethini yokunikezela, edinga ukufezekiswa kokuthuthukiswa kwe-agglomeration, kanye ingxenye yokukhishwa kwensimbi yesithando somlilo sikagesi esiphumayo sensimbi engahluziwe kufanele inyuswe ibe Ngaphezu kuka-15%, ukwakheka kwezimboni kunengqondo kakhudlwana, futhi ukuhlinzekwa kwemakethe kanye nesidingo kugcina ibhalansi eguquguqukayo yezinga eliphezulu.

Qondisa ngokuhlelekile ukuthuthukiswa kwe-steelmaking yesithando somlilo kagesi

Imboni yensimbi iyimboni ekhipha ikhabhoni enkulu kakhulu phakathi kwezigaba ezingama-31 zokukhiqiza.Njengoba ibhekene nezingqinamba ezinamandla zezinsiza, amandla kanye nemvelo yemvelo, kanye nomsebenzi onzima wokuphakama kwekhabhoni kanye nokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni, imboni yensimbi kumele ibhekane nenselelo futhi isheshise ukuthuthukiswa kwekhabhoni eluhlaza kanye nephansi.

Uma sibheka ezinhlosweni ezibekwe “kumibono”, kuyadingeka ukwakha uhlelo lokugaywa kabusha kwezinsiza ukuze kuthuthukiswe okuhambisanayo phakathi kwezimboni, ukuze kuphothulwe uguquko lwe-ultra-low emission engaphezulu kuka-80% womthamo wokukhiqiza insimbi, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphelele ithani lensimbi ngaphezu kuka-2%, kanye nokunciphisa amandla okusetshenziswa kwemithombo yamanzi ngaphezu kwe-10%., ukuze kuqinisekiswe iziqongo zekhabhoni ngo-2030.

"Ikhabhoni eluhlaza nephansi iphoqa amabhizinisi ensimbi nensimbi ukuthi aguqule futhi athuthuke ukuze athuthukise ukuncintisana kwawo okuyisisekelo."U-Lv Guixin, umhloli wezinga lokuqala woMnyango Wemboni Yezinto Ezingavuthiwe woMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi, uveze ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kwekhabhoni ephansi kanye nokuluhlaza kuyisihluthulelo soshintsho, ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi ephezulu kwensimbi nensimbi. imboni.“Ukulawula” kuzoshintshela “ekulawuleni okukabili” kokukhishwa kwekhabhoni okuphelele namandla.Noma ubani ongakwazi ukuhola ekuhlazeni kanye nekhabhoni ephansi uzothatha izindawo eziphakeme zokuthuthuka.

Ngemuva kokuthi izwe lami lisungule umgomo wamasu “wekhabhoni embaxambili”, kube khona iKomidi Lokukhuthaza Umsebenzi We-Iron and Steel Industry Low-Carbon.Amabhizinisi ahamba phambili embonini ahole ekuphakamiseni uhlelo lwezikhathi kanye nemephu yomgwaqo yokukhuphuka kwekhabhoni nokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni.Iqembu lamabhizinisi ensimbi nensimbi ahlola i-low-carbon metallurgy.Ukuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe obusha.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwesithando somlilo esifushane sokwenza insimbi kusetshenziswa izinsimbi ezilahliwe njengempahla eluhlaza kuyindlela ephumelelayo yokuthuthukisa ukuthuthukiswa kwekhabhoni eluhlaza nephansi kwemboni yensimbi nensimbi.Uma kuqhathaniswa nenqubo yenqubo ende yokuguqula isithando somlilo, inqubo yenqubo yenqubo emfushane yesithando somlilo kagesi inganciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-carbon dioxide ngo-70%, futhi ukukhishwa okungcolile kuyancipha kakhulu.Ethintwa izici ezifana nezinsiza zensimbi ezilahliwe ezinganele, imboni yensimbi nensimbi yezwe lami ibuswa izinqubo ezinde (cishe ama-90%), ezilekelelwa izinqubo ezimfushane (cishe ngo-10%), eziphansi kakhulu kunesilinganiso somhlaba sezinqubo ezimfushane.

Ngesikhathi “soHlelo Lweminyaka Eyi-14 Lweminyaka Emihlanu”, izwe lami lizogqugquzela ukusetshenziswa kwezinsimbi ezilahliwe ngezinga eliphezulu nangempumelelo, futhi liqondise ukuthuthukiswa kokwenziwa kwensimbi yesithando somlilo kagesi ngendlela ehlelekile.“Imibono” ihlongoze ukuthi ingxenye yensimbi ye-EAF ephumayo engqikithini yensimbi engahluziwe kufanele inyuswe ibe ngaphezu kuka-15%.Khuthaza amabhizinisi anenqubo ende ye-blast furnace-converter ukuze aguqule futhi athuthukise i-electric furnace-short-process steelmaking in situ.

Ukukhuthazwa okujulile koguquko lwe-ultra-low emission nakho kuyimpi enzima imboni yensimbi okufanele iyilwe.Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ezedlule, uWu Xianfeng, umhloli wezinga lokuqala kanye nesekela lomqondisi woMnyango Wezemvelo Wemvelo woMnyango Wezemvelo Nezemvelo, uthe ngokohlelo loguquko olulethwe nguMnyango Wezemvelo Nezemvelo ezifundeni ezibalulekile nasezifundazweni, isamba esingamathani ayizigidi ezingama-560 omthamo wokukhiqiza insimbi engahluziwe kanye noguquko lwe-ultra-low emission luzoqedwa ekupheleni kuka-2022. Njengamanje, amathani ayizigidi eziyi-140 kuphela omthamo wokukhiqiza insimbi aqedele uguquko lwe-ultra-low emission yonke inqubo. futhi umsebenzi unzima uma kuqhathaniswa.

U-Wu Xianfeng ugcizelele ukuthi kuyadingeka ukugqamisa amaphuzu abalulekile, ufune inqubekelaphambili ngenkathi ugcina uzinzo, futhi ukhuthaze uguquko lwe-ultra-low emission enamazinga aphezulu.Amabhizinisi ensimbi nensimbi kufanele ahambisane nesimiso sokuthi isikhathi singaphansi kwekhwalithi, futhi akhethe ubuchwepheshe obuvuthiwe, obuzinzile futhi obuthembekile.Kudingeka ukugqamisa izindawo ezibalulekile kanye nezixhumanisi ezibalulekile, izindawo ezinengcindezi enkulu yokuthuthukisa isimo somoya kufanele zisheshise inqubekelaphambili, amabhizinisi esikhathi eside kufanele asheshise inqubekelaphambili, futhi amabhizinisi amakhulu kahulumeni kufanele ahole.Amabhizinisi kufanele aqhube ukukhishwa okuphansi kakhulu kuyo yonke inqubo, yonke inqubo, nawo wonke umjikelezo wempilo, futhi akhe ifilosofi yebhizinisi nemikhuba yokukhiqiza.